Watson didn’t just win the matchup – it decimated the competition, compiling a score (measured in virtual dollars) more than triple that of the contestant who placed second.
In 2011, long-running television game show Jeopardy pitted two of its all-time highest-winning champions against the IBM Watson system. While sensationalized representations often imply machines “thinking” for themselves, AI at its core revolves around recognizing and processing patterns. Enter: Automation and Speech-to-Textīefore delving into the role that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can play in automated closed captioning workflows, it’s useful to consider what today’s “AI” really consists of. Considering that multi-hour council meetings are often significantly longer in duration than most entertainment-based programming, the costs of captioning can quickly add up. In addition to the labour expense of hiring closed captioning experts or third-party services, robust communications infrastructure is also needed to deliver the raw video and audio feeds to the service provider for captioning.
#CLOSED CAPTIONING MANUAL#
However, the production costs of manual closed captioning can be extremely expensive, particularly for live content.
#CLOSED CAPTIONING PROFESSIONAL#
While manual processes are often thought of as being error-prone, professional closed captioning transcribers are very proficient at their craft, and typically deliver remarkably high accuracy – usually around 95%. Many programs were captioned by single transcriber, but redundant transcribers would be sometimes used to ensure that nothing was missed, particularly for live programming in which the content could not be paused or rewound. Human transcribers typed the text into a captioning system based on what they heard. Historically, the text that viewers see in closed captions was created entirely manually for insertion into the video signal or stream. Public sector organizations now depend heavily on video streaming as a key component of their transparency initiatives, and closed captioning is essential in reaching the widest range of constituents while complying with the regulatory accessibility requirements of many jurisdictions. While typically associated with making programming more accessible for hearing-impaired viewers, closed captioning also allows audiences to better understand a show’s narration in noisy spaces like restaurants or with the audio volume turned down in sound-sensitive environments.Īs content consumption has increasingly moved online, the need for closed captioning has grown beyond traditional television to include streamed video. Please CONTACT US if you have any questions or comments about closed captioning.Įffective MaKBTC stopped airing any program without closed captions.Even for those who don’t have a reason to take advantage of it on a regular basis, most people who have watched broadcast or cable television are familiar with closed captioning – the text-based visual representation of a program’s audio elements. § 79.1(d), including programming for which the audio is in a language other than English or Spanish and that is not scripted programming that can be captioned using the “electronic news room” technique interstitial material, promotional announcements, and public service announcements that are 10 minutes or less in duration and/or programming that consists primarily of non-vocal music. § 79.1(k)(1) or (iii) being subject to one or more of the captioning exemptions set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 79.1(j)(2) (ii) adopting and following the “Video Programmer Best Practices” set forth in 47 C.F.R. Programming provided by PBS complies with these regulations by either: (i) satisfying the caption quality standards set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 79.1, including regulations concerning closed captioning quality. All programming provided by KBTC Public Television complies with the closed captioning requirements established by the Federal Communications Commission as embodied in 47 C.F.R.